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Marianna Martines (1744-1812)

Marianna Martines was one of the most celebrated musicians of eighteenth-century Vienna. Although her ability to compose and perform professionally were constrained by her social status, Martines was esteemed by her contemporaries as a skilful composer, keyboard player, singer, educator, and notably also as a salonnière. Born in Vienna, she found herself in the fortunate position of growing up in a household that her parents shared with the famous poet and librettist Pietro Metastasio, located in the Michaelerhaus in the city centre. Metastasio took on the role of a mentor early on, overseeing her musical education, and eventually stepped up as a paternal figure when Martines’s own father died. Metastasio, who had been summoned to Vienna as Court Poet to the Habsburg emperors, used his many connections to provide Martines with the most illustrious teachers. Among them were Johann Adolph Hasse, who instructed Martines in composition, and Nicolò Porpora, who gave her singing lessons. These were accompanied by the young Joseph Haydn, who happened to live in the attic apartment of the Michaelerhaus.

Keyboard Compositions

Though Martines’s ‘public facing’ music was generally sacred music, she published two of her keyboard sonatas with Ullrich Haffner, in his Raccolta Musicale series. These are the sonatas in E major and A major—two of three surviving sonatas (the third is in G major, existing only in manuscript form) out of 31 sonatas that she is believed to have composed. Similarly, two-thirds of her keyboard concertos are considered lost, with only four surviving as autographs or copies. The lack of printed historical editions was not unusual, especially in Vienna, and was not limited to the works of women composers like Martines. Charles Burney summed it up well when he wrote: ‘everything is very dear at Vienna, and nothing more so than music, of which nothing is printed’.7 None of the (surviving) keyboard compositions bear a dedication. The two sonatas published with Haffner may or may not have been commissioned by the editor, but could just as well have been composed prior and sent to Haffner upon his request. Lacking a specific purpose beyond Martines’s own need as a composer-performer, it is relatively safe to assume that the keyboard repertoire was written with herself in mind as first intended performer. The same can be said about some of her vocal repertoire, though much of it was either dedicated to specific individuals or written for certain performers.

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Family Life

Martines never married—a fact that may have helped her pursuit of music, but also put her in a marginalised position in marriage-obsessed eighteenth-century Vienna, where great limitations of freedom and mobility were placed on unmarried women. Women in her position were not encouraged to make their preferences known or take any steps themselves to pursue a potential husband for fear of ruining their reputation. While there is nothing to suggest that Martines bemoaned her unmarried status, Metastasio noted in his testament how fortune did not do any favours to Marianna and her sister, leaving them to rely both on his financial support and their irreproachable reputation. Martines instead kept house for her eldest brother, Joseph Martines, and cohabitated with her sister Antonia until the day she died. Joseph enjoyed a slow moving but rewarding career at the Court Library and was instrumental in securing himself and his siblings their elevation into lower-ranking nobility (Ritterstand) in 1774. While the Martines siblings were born into a (quasi) middle-class family without great financial means, their striving for social mobility dictated much of their decision making.  Indeed, Martines appears to have been a master of toeing the line between what we might nowadays term ambition and a display of demure humility; perfectly balancing educated sociability and politeness while pursuing excellence without transgressing beyond what would be deemed ‘proper’ for a woman of her station. This meant that, unlike other women who were born into middle-class families, Martines never performed publicly. Instead, she used the liminal space of her salons to inhabit her multi-role identity of a composer- performer. Her only quasi-public appearances were as a composer of sacred music, which allowed for performances of at least one of her masses or oratorios.

© 2026 Judith Valerie Engel

The information on this page has been extracted from the album's programme notes, written by musicologist Dr Judith Valerie Engel. Read them in full with your CD purchase here. 

 

© 2026 by martineskeyboardworks.info

 

©2026 by Cayenna Ponchione-Bailey.

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